It is a justified query why developing another organization is necessary where innumerable organizations are available around to address challenges of various kinds, at various scales. Responding to that question requires understanding of the critical gaps in scientific knowledge, innovation and policy implementation to address contemporary crisis and how they should be approached based on the integrated science. Critical appraisal of global definition of ‘development’ also may shed some lights in this regard. The roots of contemporary development trajectory could be traced since the end of World War II with the creation of UN, GATT/WTO, World Bank etc. Since then the word ‘development’ generally refers to improvement of living standards of people that depends on human capital (improved health, education etc.) and the support provisions of a state such as services, infrastructure, institutions (generally termed as public goods). Simultaneous improvement of these two dimensions determines the quality of progress or improvements that a society is able to secure. This ‘development’ definition that was applied in different countries at the earlier stages of development are not effectively applicable for the countries those came late in the development pathways like Bangladesh. The reasons for this remain in the fact that challenges of development for the later stage countries were changed significantly by absorbing many domestic, external and cumulative pseudo-challenges. Even the global challenges become compounded with added and/or multiplied threats originated from unsustainable use of natural resources, recurrent natural disasters, climate change including infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Thus, the problems experienced both in local or global levels in contemporary times are not simple rather complex, not linear rather multi-dimensional – and this characterizes the development-challenges of twenty first century.